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This blog about the local and sustainable life expands on the Green Living column by Christy Baker, our guest writer while Erika Howsare is on leave. Christy is a Belmont resident and roller skating mother of two with an art degree and a flock of chickens. Readers, chime in with comments!

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Green Scene
by Erika Howsare
by Erika Howsare, July 13th 09:11am

One of the biggest, baddest pests we’ve had in our garden is the tomato hornworm. Gardeners, you likely know them: They’re as big as your thumb and perfectly camouflaged—exactly the color of tomato plants, with markings that imitate the veins on tomato leaves, their favorite food. I tend to spot them indirectly, first noticing the tremendous damage they’ve inflicted on one of my plants and then finding the culprit nearby, fat and happy and evil. They’ll strip a plant of leaves in one terrible afternoon, growing bigger all the while.

When you try to pull one off a plant, it has the nerve to hang on tightly with amazingly strong little legs, and then to try chewing on your hand. It’s this kind of creature that makes me understand where the urge to invent pesticides must have come from.

Of course, in our small organic garden, spraying isn’t an option. We pick the hornworms off by hand. Two years ago we had tons of them, and I got into a routine of checking the plants every day after work, pulling off the worms, and stepping on them—an altogether unpleasant task. (During this time, my husband did some research in online gardening forums and got a recommendation we’d never follow: dousing the hornworms in gasoline and setting them on fire!)

Last year, it seems we got lucky: almost no worms. I spotted one near the end of the season, but it was covered in parasitic larvae, which I believe are laid by wasps. Perhaps not coincidentally—and I’d love for someone to fill me in on the ecology here—we had a big wasp nest on the side of the house that faces the garden.

This year, the worms are back, but a different sort of symbiosis is in effect. When we pull off a worm, we take it right over to the chickens, who practically lose their minds with excitement. Whichever bird grabs the worm has to immediately take off running, because the other two will follow her and try to steal it until she manages to get it down the hatch. This is a million times more fun than the old way of killing worms.

What’s your method of hornworm control?
 

Comments
I use the same method: yanking them off the plants and tossing them to the chickens. They love them almost as much as they love Japanese beetles (but those are tougher since they can fly away before the chicks grab them).
Caroline Emerson July 13th 10:30am
Its too bad the larvae are such pests, because the adult form is the Sphinx Moth, one of the most colorful and interesting of the family.
Sometimes called hawkmoths, they fly in the day and visit bushes popular with butterflies. Some are so large they sometimes are mistaken for hummingbirds.
HollowBoy July 13th 12:55pm
I think between the chickens, parasitic wasps, and paper wasps, you have a pretty good handle on controlling tomato hornworms. It's interesting to note that since these hornworms are native, they have multiple predators to keep them in check, unlike the non-native Japanese beetles.

I didn't know this but paper wasps and bald faced hornets are major predators of garden pests such as hornworms and other insects like flies. So, if you're a gardener, they are good to have around as long as their nests aren't in a place that you can't avoid.

We currently have a bald faced hornet nest under a bench near our garden that I was going to (reluctantly) zap. Now I'm reconsidering since as long as we remember to give it a wide berth, they aren't particularly aggressive. They also have their own set of natural predators and will be gone by the first hard freeze anyway.

But that's what organic gardening is all about, right?
WTC July 14th 09:54am
Thanks for the comments, all. HollowBoy, I agree that it's a shame--I've been particularly enjoying moths this year; there seem to be more of them around and I've noticed varieties that I've never seen before--so I hope some hawkmoths can complete their life cycle somewhere at our place, other than in our tomato patch.

WTC, I agree that leaving wasps and hornets alone where possible is a great idea. The ones we had last year weren't aggressive at all and we got along fine with them. They did indeed disappear when cold weather came.
Erika Howsare July 14th 01:47pm
I had MAJOR problems with tomato horn worms this year. One of the things I neglected to plant was dill. I had some last year and it was really nice but I noticed that the wasps absolutely loved the flowers and I thought this was curious. I figured this year that dill was one of the plants that I didn't have time for this year. I learned the hard way that I should have companion planted dill in my tomatoes because wasps love the flowers and in turn some of them will hunt and lay eggs inside the tomato horn worms keeping them in check. Next year I'm planting dill with my tomatoes.
Lana July 15th 12:09pm
Lana - from what I understand, mature dill actually inhibits tomato growth. dill also attracts hornworms AND predatory wasps, so it might be a good idea to not plant it too close to the tomatoes. maybe plan to have your squash somewhat near your tomatoes and plant the dill with your squash...it repels squash bugs.

I haven't tried this though. your post sounded pretty good to me and encouraged me to look up dill as a companion plant. I'd like to grow dill next year, so now I actually have the start of a plan...so thank you for that!
John July 15th 03:04pm
I've been prying the little buggers off by hand, too - well, with scissors to be exact b/c those vicious chompers are very frightening! My husband has just recently noticed that my tomato plants have a few little tiny green balls attached to the under side of some leaves and commented that they may be hornworm eggs. Since then I've been removing those when I see them - I'm hoping I'm cutting down on the number of worms I'll have to find and kill (since I have no chickens and the dog's not fond of anything green!) You know what they say, an ounce of prevention...
Jennifer Heyns July 15th 07:19pm
We make the Easy Wider Garden Weeder, a 30-inch wide chicken tractor designed to roll between the rows of your garden. Fill it with chickens and let them get to work. It won't help with hornworms on the plants, but it should cut down on weeding, add fertilizer and reduce bugs. Concentrate the power of your hens. Your chickens need a day job. Keep them safe and let them back into the coop at the end of the day.
www.thelittlechickenfactory.com
birdman July 18th 11:47am
I've been out there picking hornworms off twice a day for the past two weeks. I hate them! We don't have chickens, and the dogs were uninterested, so it's the old foot stomp method. I was asking my husband to do the deed on the big ones, but no more--I'm doing it myself when he's not around.
I pulled out the last of the volunteer dill based on the info here. Also, have been cutting off the tomato suckers more, to allow air in and to be able to see what's going on better. I'm harvesting a couple of pounds of tomatoes a DAY off of my 12 plants. A terrific year for tomatoes.
Roxymundo July 28th 02:20pm
Scissors. You never have to touch the worms, much less tug them off. And it's quicker too.
I have a forest of dill which has shown no evidence of inhibiting tomato growth or attracting hornworms. what I HAVE seen on my dill plants are parsley worms, which are so pretty I just let them be.
cj July 28th 04:54pm
The parasites growing on the hornworms are their natural enemies. You need to let them mature.
g July 29th 02:43pm
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